Main Article Content
Abstract
The primary objective of the current research is to develop a novel lyophilized nanoemulsion (NM) of Nimodipine (ND) to improve its oral bioavailability and stability. Triacetin, cremophor RH40 and PEG600 were identified as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant respectively. It was then optimized using BBD and the optimized nanoemulsion was further lyophilized with trehalose as a cryoprotectant to improve the long-term storage stability. NM and its lyophilized NM showed globule size less than 200 nm with more than 75 % drug diffusion within 30 min. A pharmacokinetic study for lyophilized nanoemulsions exhibited a fivefold increase in bioavailability. Lyophilized F4 showed improved stability due to the conversion of nanoemulsion into solid form by lyophilisation using trehalose as a cryoprotectant. Hence lyophilized nanoemulsion of ND can be prepared for improved oral bioavailability and stability.
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References
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- Patel P, Pailla SR, Rangaraj N, Cheruvu HS, Dodoala S, Sampathi S. Quality by Design Approach for Developing Lipid-Based Nanoformulations of Gliclazide to Improve Oral Bioavailability and Anti-Diabetic Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Feb 1;20(2).
- Zhang JQ, Liu J, Li XL, Jasti BR. Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing silibinin. Drug Deliv. 2007 Aug;14(6):381–7.
- Kasongo KW, Pardeike J, Müller RH, Walker RB. Selection and characterization of suitable lipid excipients for use in the manufacture of didanosine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. J Pharm Sci. 2011;100(12):5185–96.
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- Jena GK, Patra CN, Panigrahi KC, Sruti J, Patra P, Parhi R. QbD enabled optimization of solvent shifting method for fabrication of PLGA-based nanoparticles for promising delivery of Capecitabine for antitumor activity. Drug Deliv Transl Res [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 15]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34505271/
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- Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Formulation Strategies to Improve the Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Drugs with Special Emphasis on Self-Emulsifying Systems. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013:1–16.
References
Inzitari D PA. Calcium channel blockers and stroke. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2005;17(4):16–30.
Fu Q, Sun J, Ai X, Zhang P, Li M, Wang Y, et al. Nimodipine nanocrystals for oral bioavailability improvement: Role of mesenteric lymph transport in the oral absorption. Int J Pharm. 2013;448(1):290–7.
Luo JW, Zhang ZR, Gong T, Fu Y. One-step self-assembled nanomicelles for improving the oral bioavailability of nimodipine. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016 Mar 15;11:1051–65.
Azeem A, Rizwan M, Ahmad FJ, Iqbal Z, Khar RK, Aqil M, et al. Nanoemulsion components screening and selection: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2019 Jan 4];10(1):69–76. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148761
Chhabra G, Chuttani K, Mishra AK, Pathak K. Design and development of nanoemulsion drug delivery system of amlodipine besilate for improvement of oral bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2011;37(8):907–16.
Veerareddy PR, Poluri K, Sistla R. Formulation Development and Comparative Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Felodipine Nanoemulsions in SD Rats. Am J PharmTech Res. 2012;2(April).
Khani S, Keyhanfar F, Amani A. Design and evaluation of oral nanoemulsion drug delivery system of mebudipine. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(6):2035–43.
Jaiswal M, Dudhe R, Sharma PK. Nanoemulsion: an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 3 Biotech. 2015;5(2):123–7.
Shekhawat P, Pokharkar V. Risk assessment and QbD based optimization of an Eprosartan mesylate nanosuspension: In-vitro characterization, PAMPA and in-vivo assessment. Int J Pharm. 2019 Aug 15;567.
Panigrahi KC, Jena J, Jena GK, Patra CN, Rao MEB. QBD-based systematic development of Bosentan SNEDDS: Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;47:31–42.
Sun Y, Rui Y, Wenliang Z, Tang X. Nimodipine semi-solid capsules containing solid dispersion for improving dissolution. Int J Pharm. 2008 Jul 9;359(1–2):144–9.
Chudasama A, Patel V, Nivsarkar M, Vasu K, Shishoo CJ. Role of lipid-based excipients and their composition on the bioavailability of antiretroviral self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Deliv. 2015 Jun 1;22(4):531–40.
Kassem AA, Mohsen AM, Ahmed RS, Essam TM. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) with enhanced solubilization of nystatin for treatment of oral candidiasis: Design, optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Mol Liq. 2016 Jun 1;218:219–32.
Routray SB, Patra CN, Raju R, Panigrahi KC, Jena GK. Lyophilized SLN of Cinnacalcet HCl: BBD enabled optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic study. Drug Dev Ind Pharm [Internet]. 2020 Jul 2 [cited 2020 Oct 5];46(7):1080–91. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03639045.2020.1775632
Czajkowska-Kos̈nik A, Szekalska M, Amelian A, Szymańska E, Winnicka K. Development and evaluation of liquid and solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems for atorvastatin. Molecules. 2015;20(12).
Inugala S, Eedara BB, Sunkavalli S, Dhurke R, Kandadi P, Jukanti R, et al. Solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) of darunavir for improved dissolution and oral bioavailability: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015 Jul 10;74:1–10.
Sharma P, Singh SK, Pandey NK, Rajesh SY, Bawa P, Kumar B, et al. Impact of solid carriers and spray drying on pre/post-compression properties, dissolution rate and bioavailability of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system loaded with simvastatin. Powder Technol. 2018;338:836–46.
Gurumukhi VC, Bari SB. Development of ritonavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers employing quality by design (QbD) as a tool: characterizations, permeability, and bioavailability studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021 [Internet]. 2021 Oct 20 [cited 2022 Feb 2];1–21. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13346-021-01083-5
Arsiccio A, Pisano R. Application of the Quality by Design Approach to the Freezing Step of Freeze-Drying: Building the Design Space. J Pharm Sci. 2018;107(6).
Laxmi M, Bhardwaj A, Mehta S, Mehta A. Development and characterization of nanoemulsion as carrier for the enhancement of bioavailability of artemether. Artif Cells, Nanomedicine Biotechnol. 2015;43(5):334–44.
Srinivas NSK, Verma R, Kulyadi GP, Kumar L. A quality by design approach on polymeric nanocarrier delivery of gefitinib: Formulation, in vitro, and in vivo characterization. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:15–28.
Parmar N, Singla N, Amin S, Kohli K. Study of cosurfactant effect on nanoemulsifying area and development of lercanidipine loaded (SNEDDS) self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 2011 Sep 1;86(2):327–38.
Ujhelyi Z, Vecsernyés M, Fehér P, Kósa D, Arany P, Nemes D, et al. Physico-chemical characterization of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today Technol [Internet]. 2018;27:81–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.06.005
Xue X, Cao M, Ren L, Qian Y, Chen G. Preparation and Optimization of Rivaroxaban by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and No Food Effect. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018;19(4).
K A, AA A, M E-B, AM E-S. Development and in vitro/in vivo performance of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems loaded with candesartan cilexetil. Eur J Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2017 Nov 15 [cited 2021 Aug 2];109:503–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28889028/
Park SJ, Choo GH, Hwang SJ, Kim MS. Quality by design: Screening of critical variables and formulation optimization of Eudragit e nanoparticles containing dutasteride. Arch Pharm Res. 2013 May;36(5):593–601.
Yasir M, Sara UVS, Chauhan I, Gaur PK, Singh AP, Puri D, et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of donepezil: formulation, optimization by Box–Behnken design, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Artif Cells, Nanomedicine Biotechnol. 2018 Nov 17;46(8):1838–51.
Gade MM, Hurkadale PJ. Formulation and evaluation of self-emulsifying orlistat tablet to enhance drug release and in vivo performance: factorial design approach. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2016;6(3).
Patel P, Pailla SR, Rangaraj N, Cheruvu HS, Dodoala S, Sampathi S. Quality by Design Approach for Developing Lipid-Based Nanoformulations of Gliclazide to Improve Oral Bioavailability and Anti-Diabetic Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Feb 1;20(2).
Zhang JQ, Liu J, Li XL, Jasti BR. Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing silibinin. Drug Deliv. 2007 Aug;14(6):381–7.
Kasongo KW, Pardeike J, Müller RH, Walker RB. Selection and characterization of suitable lipid excipients for use in the manufacture of didanosine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. J Pharm Sci. 2011;100(12):5185–96.
AA K, VB P. Design and evaluation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) of nimodipine. AAPS PharmSciTech [Internet]. 2008 Mar [cited 2021 Aug 1];9(1):191–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18446481/
Panigrahi KC, Patra CN, Rao MEB. Quality by Design Enabled Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of a Novel Calcimimetic Cinacalcet HCl Using a Porous Carrier: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterisation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Jul 1;20(5).
Jena GK, Patra CN, Panigrahi KC, Sruti J, Patra P, Parhi R. QbD enabled optimization of solvent shifting method for fabrication of PLGA-based nanoparticles for promising delivery of Capecitabine for antitumor activity. Drug Deliv Transl Res [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Feb 15]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34505271/
Quality Guidelines : ICH [Internet]. [cited 2018 Dec 26]. Available from: http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/quality/article/quality-guidelines.html
Tartaro G, Mateos H, Schirone D, Angelico R, Palazzo G. Microemulsion microstructure(s): A tutorial review. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(9):1–40.
Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Formulation Strategies to Improve the Bioavailability of Poorly Absorbed Drugs with Special Emphasis on Self-Emulsifying Systems. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013:1–16.