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Abstract

Performance-Based Contracting (PBC) has emerged as a transformative model in road asset management, shifting focus from input-based specifications to outcome-driven service delivery. This study presents a systematic review of 89 peer-reviewed articles and institutional reports to identify and synthesize the critical success factors (CSFs) that shape the effectiveness of PBC across legal, political, and economic domains. Using the PRISMA methodology and thematic coding through NVivo, the review uncovers the interdependent roles of regulatory flexibility, political stability, and innovative financing in enhancing contract performance and infrastructure sustainability. Legal frameworks that support adaptive renegotiation, clear risk allocation, and digital compliance mechanisms are shown to reduce litigation and cost overruns. Politically, stakeholder alignment, participatory governance, and transparency reduce implementation delays and foster public trust. Economically, the study highlights the value of lifecycle cost integration, hybrid funding models, and resilience-focused financial instruments. The findings emphasize the role of emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence in streamlining monitoring and compliance. By comparing OECD and non-OECD contexts, the study underscores the importance of context-specific adaptations, particularly in low-resource settings where institutional weaknesses can undermine PBC outcomes. The review contributes to the literature by offering a holistic framework that informs policy and practice, while also identifying gaps for future research in gender-inclusive governance and culturally responsive contracting. Overall, this study offers a robust evidence base for designing more adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable PBC models in road infrastructure management.

Keywords

Performance-Based Contracting Road Asset Management Legal Frameworks Political Governance Economic Sustainability

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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