Main Article Content
Abstract
This study explores the role of organizational communication in overcoming barriers to corporate citizenship in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). While corporate citizenship has been widely studied in large corporations, SMEs face unique challenges, including resource constraints, lack of awareness, and competing priorities, which hinder their ability to adopt and implement CSR practices. Through a systematic literature review, this study identifies how effective communication strategies can help SMEs address these barriers and enhance their corporate citizenship efforts. The findings reveal that transparent, consistent, and two-way communication fosters stakeholder trust and engagement, while informal communication networks and storytelling make CSR efforts relatable and impactful. Employee involvement, facilitated through regular communication and training, is critical for driving CSR success. Additionally, aligning CSR initiatives with business strategy and leveraging partnerships can help SMEs create shared value and overcome resource limitations. The study also highlights the importance of simplified tools for measuring and reporting CSR progress to enhance transparency and credibility. These findings contribute to the literature by addressing a critical gap in understanding how SMEs can leverage communication to integrate corporate citizenship into their operations. The study offers actionable insights for SMEs, policymakers, and practitioners, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies, capacity-building initiatives, and stakeholder engagement. Ultimately, this research underscores the transformative potential of organizational communication in enabling SMEs to embrace their role as responsible corporate citizens and achieve sustainable growth.
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References
- Bhattacharya, C. B., Korschun, D., & Sen, S. (2009). Strengthening stakeholder-company relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(2), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9730-3
- Brammer, S., Pavelin, S., & Porter, L. A. (2006). Corporate social performance and geographical diversification. Journal of Business Research, 59(9), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.05.002
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- Carter, C. R., & Jennings, M. M. (2004). The role of purchasing in corporate social responsibility: A structural equation analysis. Journal of Business Logistics, 25(1), 145–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2004.tb00173.x
- Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00466.x
- Cornelissen, J. (2014). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473915173
- Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00276.x
- Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425–445. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.750
- Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P., & Jeppesen, S. (2017). SMEs and CSR in developing countries. Business & Society, 56(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315571258
- Jenkins, H. (2006). Small business champions for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9182-6
- Kolk, A. (2008). Sustainability, accountability, and corporate governance: Exploring multinationals' reporting practices. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.511
- Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., & Braig, B. M. (2004). The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.16.42726
- Longo, M., Mura, M., & Bonoli, A. (2005). Corporate social responsibility and corporate performance: The case of Italian SMEs. Corporate Governance, 5(4), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700510616578
- Matten, D., & Crane, A. (2005). Corporate citizenship: Toward an extended theoretical conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281448
- McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4011987
- Moon, J. (2007). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 15(5), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.346
- Morsing, M., & Schultz, M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility communication: Stakeholder information, response, and involvement strategies. Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(4), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00460.x
- Murillo, D., & Lozano, J. M. (2006). SMEs and CSR: An approach to CSR in their own words. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9181-7
- Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840603024003910
- Perrini, F. (2006). SMEs and CSR theory: Evidence and implications from an Italian perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9186-2
- Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92.
- Revell, A., Stokes, D., & Chen, H. (2010). Small businesses and the environment: Turning over a new leaf? Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(5), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.628
- Russo, A., & Perrini, F. (2010). Investigating stakeholder theory and social capital: CSR in large firms and SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0079-z
- Spence, L. J. (2016). Small business social responsibility: Expanding core CSR theory. Business & Society, 55(1), 23–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650314523256
- Turker, D. (2009). Measuring corporate social responsibility: A scale development study. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(4), 411–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9780-6
- Visser, W. (2008). Corporate social responsibility in developing countries. In A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon, & D. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility (pp. 473–499). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0020
- Welch, M., & Jackson, P. R. (2007). Rethinking internal communication: A stakeholder approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(2), 177–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280710744847
References
Bhattacharya, C. B., Korschun, D., & Sen, S. (2009). Strengthening stakeholder-company relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(2), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9730-3
Brammer, S., Pavelin, S., & Porter, L. A. (2006). Corporate social performance and geographical diversification. Journal of Business Research, 59(9), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.05.002
Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research, and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00275.x
Carter, C. R., & Jennings, M. M. (2004). The role of purchasing in corporate social responsibility: A structural equation analysis. Journal of Business Logistics, 25(1), 145–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2004.tb00173.x
Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00466.x
Cornelissen, J. (2014). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473915173
Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00276.x
Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425–445. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.750
Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P., & Jeppesen, S. (2017). SMEs and CSR in developing countries. Business & Society, 56(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315571258
Jenkins, H. (2006). Small business champions for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9182-6
Kolk, A. (2008). Sustainability, accountability, and corporate governance: Exploring multinationals' reporting practices. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.511
Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., & Braig, B. M. (2004). The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.16.42726
Longo, M., Mura, M., & Bonoli, A. (2005). Corporate social responsibility and corporate performance: The case of Italian SMEs. Corporate Governance, 5(4), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700510616578
Matten, D., & Crane, A. (2005). Corporate citizenship: Toward an extended theoretical conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281448
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4011987
Moon, J. (2007). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 15(5), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.346
Morsing, M., & Schultz, M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility communication: Stakeholder information, response, and involvement strategies. Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(4), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00460.x
Murillo, D., & Lozano, J. M. (2006). SMEs and CSR: An approach to CSR in their own words. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9181-7
Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840603024003910
Perrini, F. (2006). SMEs and CSR theory: Evidence and implications from an Italian perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9186-2
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92.
Revell, A., Stokes, D., & Chen, H. (2010). Small businesses and the environment: Turning over a new leaf? Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(5), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.628
Russo, A., & Perrini, F. (2010). Investigating stakeholder theory and social capital: CSR in large firms and SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0079-z
Spence, L. J. (2016). Small business social responsibility: Expanding core CSR theory. Business & Society, 55(1), 23–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650314523256
Turker, D. (2009). Measuring corporate social responsibility: A scale development study. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(4), 411–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9780-6
Visser, W. (2008). Corporate social responsibility in developing countries. In A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon, & D. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility (pp. 473–499). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0020
Welch, M., & Jackson, P. R. (2007). Rethinking internal communication: A stakeholder approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(2), 177–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280710744847
