Main Article Content
Abstract
This study explores the multifaceted role of emotional intelligence (EI) in enhancing individual, team, and organizational performance. Drawing on a comprehensive review of existing literature, it examines how EI influences job performance, leadership effectiveness, teamwork, and stress management. The findings reveal that individuals with high EI exhibit superior emotional regulation, interpersonal skills, and adaptability, contributing to enhanced job satisfaction and productivity. Leaders with high EI foster trust, innovation, and collaboration, driving organizational success in dynamic environments. Furthermore, teams with elevated collective EI demonstrate improved cohesion, conflict resolution, and resilience under pressure, enabling them to achieve superior outcomes. The study also underscores the critical role of EI in mitigating stress, reducing burnout, and promoting well-being, particularly in high-stress professions such as healthcare and education. While the findings affirm the transformative potential of EI, the study also highlights gaps in the literature, including inconsistencies in the conceptualization and measurement of EI and the need for more research on its applications in diverse cultural and technological contexts. Practical recommendations include integrating EI assessments into recruitment processes, prioritizing EI development in leadership training, and embedding EI training in team-building and wellness programs. By synthesizing theoretical insights and practical implications, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of EI's role in fostering resilient, high-performing workplaces.
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References
- Ashkanasy, N. M., & Daus, C. S. (2005). Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.320
- Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 343–362). Jossey-Bass.
- Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional intelligence: Implications for personal, social, academic, and workplace success. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00334.x
- Cherry, M. G., Fletcher, I., O'Sullivan, H., & Dornan, T. (2012). Emotional intelligence in medical education: A critical review. Medical Education, 46(10), 935–949. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04283.x
- Cherniss, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and organizational effectiveness. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace (pp. 3–12). Jossey-Bass.
- Codier, E., Freel, M., Kamikawa, C., & Morrison, P. (2010). Emotional intelligence, performance, and retention in clinical staff nurses. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 34(4), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3181f2ebd3
- Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (2004). Can emotional intelligence be developed? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000157366
- Freshwater, D., & Stickley, T. (2004). The heart of the art: Emotional intelligence in nurse education. Nursing Inquiry, 11(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00198.x
- Gignac, G. E. (2006). Self-reported emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Testing incremental predictive validity hypotheses via structural equation modeling (SEM) in a small sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1569–1577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.011
- Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books.
- Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., & McKee, A. (2013). Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Review Press.
- Jordan, P. J., & Troth, A. C. (2004). Managing emotions during team problem solving: Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution. Human Performance, 17(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1702_4
- Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., & O’Boyle, E. H. (2015). Why does emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 298–342. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037681
- Lopes, P. N., Grewal, D., Kadis, J., Gall, M., & Salovey, P. (2006). Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema, 18(1), 132–138.
- Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63(6), 503–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503
- Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00084-9
- Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
- Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (2007). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
- Slaski, M., & Cartwright, S. (2002). Health, performance, and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study of retail managers. Stress and Health, 18(2), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.926
- Sy, T., Tram, S., & O’Hara, L. A. (2006). Relation of employee and manager emotional intelligence to job satisfaction and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.003
- Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Westview Press.
- Waterhouse, L. (2006). Multiple intelligences, the Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence: A critical review. Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4104_1
- Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
References
Ashkanasy, N. M., & Daus, C. S. (2005). Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.320
Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 343–362). Jossey-Bass.
Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional intelligence: Implications for personal, social, academic, and workplace success. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00334.x
Cherry, M. G., Fletcher, I., O'Sullivan, H., & Dornan, T. (2012). Emotional intelligence in medical education: A critical review. Medical Education, 46(10), 935–949. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04283.x
Cherniss, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and organizational effectiveness. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace (pp. 3–12). Jossey-Bass.
Codier, E., Freel, M., Kamikawa, C., & Morrison, P. (2010). Emotional intelligence, performance, and retention in clinical staff nurses. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 34(4), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3181f2ebd3
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. (2004). Can emotional intelligence be developed? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000157366
Freshwater, D., & Stickley, T. (2004). The heart of the art: Emotional intelligence in nurse education. Nursing Inquiry, 11(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00198.x
Gignac, G. E. (2006). Self-reported emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Testing incremental predictive validity hypotheses via structural equation modeling (SEM) in a small sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1569–1577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.011
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books.
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., & McKee, A. (2013). Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Review Press.
Jordan, P. J., & Troth, A. C. (2004). Managing emotions during team problem solving: Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution. Human Performance, 17(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1702_4
Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., & O’Boyle, E. H. (2015). Why does emotional intelligence predict job performance? A meta-analytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 298–342. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037681
Lopes, P. N., Grewal, D., Kadis, J., Gall, M., & Salovey, P. (2006). Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema, 18(1), 132–138.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008). Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63(6), 503–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.503
Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00084-9
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (2007). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
Slaski, M., & Cartwright, S. (2002). Health, performance, and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study of retail managers. Stress and Health, 18(2), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.926
Sy, T., Tram, S., & O’Hara, L. A. (2006). Relation of employee and manager emotional intelligence to job satisfaction and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 461–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.003
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Westview Press.
Waterhouse, L. (2006). Multiple intelligences, the Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence: A critical review. Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4104_1
Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1