Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of workplace environment, internal communication, and remuneration on lecturers' job satisfaction in Ghana's private universities. Recognizing job satisfaction as a critical component of organizational human resource strategies, this research explores the key factors that influence lecturers' job satisfaction, aiming to provide insights for enhancing employee engagement and performance. The study adopts a survey research design, gathering primary data through a structured 40-item questionnaire distributed to a randomly selected sample of 94 lecturers from five private universities in Ghana. Secondary data were sourced from books, journals, and organizational reports. Statistical analyses, including Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability, correlation, and regression analysis, were conducted using SPSS version 21.0. The findings reveal a strong positive correlation between job satisfaction and the three independent variables: workplace environment, internal communication, and remuneration. Internal communication emerged as the most significant factor, with a regression coefficient indicating that a 1% increase in internal communication leads to a 99.9% improvement in job satisfaction. Remuneration followed closely, suggesting that a 1% increase in remuneration results in a 96.6% rise in job satisfaction. The workplace environment also significantly influenced job satisfaction, with a 1% improvement leading to a 3.5% increase in satisfaction levels. The study concludes that effective internal communication, competitive remuneration, and a conducive workplace environment are essential for enhancing job satisfaction among lecturers in private universities. These findings underscore the importance of developing comprehensive human resource strategies that address these key areas to foster a motivated and committed academic workforce. The study recommends the implementation of regular job satisfaction assessments and enhancing non-financial benefits to improve lecturer performance and retention further. Future research should include more public and private universities to provide a broader understanding of the factors influencing job satisfaction in the Ghanaian higher education sector.
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References
- E. M. W. Simatwa, "Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among teachers in Kenya," Kenya Journal of Education Planning Economics and Management, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 114-123, 2011.
- T. A. Judge, S. C. Zhang, and D. R. Glerum, "Job satisfaction," Essentials of job attitudes and other workplace psychological constructs, pp. 207-241, 2020.
- E. Kuria, "Factors influencing the level of job satisfaction of the deputy head teachers of the public secondary schools in Kenya," unpublished thesis, Kenyatta University, 2011.
- A. Ansong, A. A. Agyeiwaa, and R. I. Gnankob, "Responsible leadership, job satisfaction and duty orientation: lessons from the manufacturing sector in Ghana," European Business Review, vol. ahead-of-print, 2022.
- M. K. Mickson and A. Anlesinya, "Enhancing job satisfaction among local government servants in Ghana: the relative roles of diverse leadership behaviours," International Journal of Public Leadership, 2019.
- J. A. Mello, "Managing telework programs effectively," Employee responsibilities and rights journal, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 247-261, 2007.
- R. Markey, K. Ravenswood, and D. J. Webber, "The impact of the quality of the work environment on employees’ intention to quit," Economics Working Paper Series, no. 1220, pp. 1-33, 2012.
- E. T. Ampofo, "Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star–rated hotels in Accra," Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 44, pp. 253-262, 2020.
- A. Ahmad, "The relationship among job characteristics, organizational commitment, and employee turnover intentions: A reciprocation perspective," Journal of Work-Applied Management, 2018.
- B. Artz, "Gender, job satisfaction and quits: A generational comparison," The Social Science Journal, pp. 1-18, 2021.
- P. Holland, T. L. Tham, C. Sheehan, and B. Cooper, "The impact of perceived workload on nurse satisfaction with work-life balance and intention to leave the occupation," Applied nursing research, vol. 49, pp. 70-76, 2019.
- A. Dilig-Ruiz, I. MacDonald, M. D. Varin, A. Vandyk, I. D. Graham, and J. E. Squires, "Job satisfaction among critical care nurses: A systematic review," International journal of nursing studies, vol. 88, pp. 123-134, 2018.
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- K. A. Lane, J. Esser, B. Holte, and M. A. McCusker, "A study of nurse faculty job satisfaction in community colleges in Florida," Teaching and Learning in Nursing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 16-26, 2010.
- S. Subarto, D. Solihin, and D. Qurbani, "Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Its Implications for the Lecturers Performance," Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 163-178, 2021.
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- J. N. Cheng and Y. Chen, "The empirical study of the kindergarten teachers' job satisfaction in Taiwan: exploring the effect of the intrinsic demand, external reward, and organizational treatment," The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 127, 2012.
- C. Gomes, L. Curral, and A. Caetano, "The mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between self-leadership and individual innovation," International Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 19, no. 01, p. 1550009, 2015.
- M. Perini, "The power of envy: a poison for workplace and organisational life," in Psychoanalytic essays on power and vulnerability, Routledge, pp. 41-57, 2018.
- P. Bibi, F. Pangil, J. Johari, and A. Ahmad, "The impact of compensation and promotional opportunities on employee retention in academic institutions: The moderating role of work environment," Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 378-391, 2017.
- M. Saunders, P. Lewis, and A. Thornhill, Research methods for business students, Pearson education, 2009.
- R. V. Krejcie and D. W. Morgan, "Determining sample size for research activities," Educational and psychological measurement, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 607-610, 1970.
- M. A. Bujang, E. D. Omar, and N. A. Baharum, "A review on sample size determination for Cronbach’s alpha test: a simple guide for researchers," The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 85, 2018.
- J. W. Creswell, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 5th ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2018.
- K. Ruck, "Internal communication and the associations with organisational purpose, culture and strategy," in Exploring Internal Communication, Routledge, pp. 3-13, 2019.
- A. Tourani and S. Rast, "Effect of employees’ communication and participation on employees’ job satisfaction: An empirical study on airline companies in Iran," in 2012 2nd International Conference on Economics, Trade and Development, vol. 36, pp. 52-56, 2012.
References
E. M. W. Simatwa, "Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among teachers in Kenya," Kenya Journal of Education Planning Economics and Management, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 114-123, 2011.
T. A. Judge, S. C. Zhang, and D. R. Glerum, "Job satisfaction," Essentials of job attitudes and other workplace psychological constructs, pp. 207-241, 2020.
E. Kuria, "Factors influencing the level of job satisfaction of the deputy head teachers of the public secondary schools in Kenya," unpublished thesis, Kenyatta University, 2011.
A. Ansong, A. A. Agyeiwaa, and R. I. Gnankob, "Responsible leadership, job satisfaction and duty orientation: lessons from the manufacturing sector in Ghana," European Business Review, vol. ahead-of-print, 2022.
M. K. Mickson and A. Anlesinya, "Enhancing job satisfaction among local government servants in Ghana: the relative roles of diverse leadership behaviours," International Journal of Public Leadership, 2019.
J. A. Mello, "Managing telework programs effectively," Employee responsibilities and rights journal, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 247-261, 2007.
R. Markey, K. Ravenswood, and D. J. Webber, "The impact of the quality of the work environment on employees’ intention to quit," Economics Working Paper Series, no. 1220, pp. 1-33, 2012.
E. T. Ampofo, "Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star–rated hotels in Accra," Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 44, pp. 253-262, 2020.
A. Ahmad, "The relationship among job characteristics, organizational commitment, and employee turnover intentions: A reciprocation perspective," Journal of Work-Applied Management, 2018.
B. Artz, "Gender, job satisfaction and quits: A generational comparison," The Social Science Journal, pp. 1-18, 2021.
P. Holland, T. L. Tham, C. Sheehan, and B. Cooper, "The impact of perceived workload on nurse satisfaction with work-life balance and intention to leave the occupation," Applied nursing research, vol. 49, pp. 70-76, 2019.
A. Dilig-Ruiz, I. MacDonald, M. D. Varin, A. Vandyk, I. D. Graham, and J. E. Squires, "Job satisfaction among critical care nurses: A systematic review," International journal of nursing studies, vol. 88, pp. 123-134, 2018.
C. Dole and R. G. Schroeder, "The impact of various factors on the personality, job satisfaction and turnover intentions of professional accountants," Managerial auditing journal, 2001.
Z. Sahito and P. Vaisanen, "Teachers’ job satisfaction in developing countries: a literature review," Euro-JCS, vol. 5, no. 1, 2019.
K. A. Lane, J. Esser, B. Holte, and M. A. McCusker, "A study of nurse faculty job satisfaction in community colleges in Florida," Teaching and Learning in Nursing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 16-26, 2010.
S. Subarto, D. Solihin, and D. Qurbani, "Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Its Implications for the Lecturers Performance," Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 163-178, 2021.
E. Katere, E. Dorgbetor, P. Sutinga, and V. A. Bediako, "Employee engagement and performance of lecturers in private Universities in Ghana," World Journal of Advanced Research and Review, vol. 16, no. 02, pp. 531–538, 2022.
J. N. Cheng and Y. Chen, "The empirical study of the kindergarten teachers' job satisfaction in Taiwan: exploring the effect of the intrinsic demand, external reward, and organizational treatment," The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 127, 2012.
C. Gomes, L. Curral, and A. Caetano, "The mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between self-leadership and individual innovation," International Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 19, no. 01, p. 1550009, 2015.
M. Perini, "The power of envy: a poison for workplace and organisational life," in Psychoanalytic essays on power and vulnerability, Routledge, pp. 41-57, 2018.
P. Bibi, F. Pangil, J. Johari, and A. Ahmad, "The impact of compensation and promotional opportunities on employee retention in academic institutions: The moderating role of work environment," Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 378-391, 2017.
M. Saunders, P. Lewis, and A. Thornhill, Research methods for business students, Pearson education, 2009.
R. V. Krejcie and D. W. Morgan, "Determining sample size for research activities," Educational and psychological measurement, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 607-610, 1970.
M. A. Bujang, E. D. Omar, and N. A. Baharum, "A review on sample size determination for Cronbach’s alpha test: a simple guide for researchers," The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 85, 2018.
J. W. Creswell, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 5th ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2018.
K. Ruck, "Internal communication and the associations with organisational purpose, culture and strategy," in Exploring Internal Communication, Routledge, pp. 3-13, 2019.
A. Tourani and S. Rast, "Effect of employees’ communication and participation on employees’ job satisfaction: An empirical study on airline companies in Iran," in 2012 2nd International Conference on Economics, Trade and Development, vol. 36, pp. 52-56, 2012.