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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate academic stress and its coping mechanisms among married postgraduate students in the Sunyani Municipality. A case study design was conducted using the purposive sampling technique to select a sample size of 22 first- and final-year married postgraduate students from the Faculty of Education at the Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre. The main data collection instrument was the in-depth interview (IDI). The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The study found that financial commitments, time constraints, complaints from partners, a workload combining assignments and work, frustration, and difficulty meeting academic demands were common causes of academic stress among married postgraduate students. The study found that the effects of stress on academic life include difficulty-managing studies, an inability to join group studies, an inability to attend lectures regularly, financial problems, relationship difficulties, physical health issues, increased levels of anxiety and depression, a lack of concentration during lectures, and poor academic performance. The study revealed that the effects of stress on married life include inadequate time spent with a spouse, breakdown of communication, conflicts, reduction in sexual satisfaction, inability to meet the financial needs of a spouse, and difficulty balancing family life and academic work. The study found that relaxing, sleeping, showering, listening to music, talking with friends, doing physical activity, viewing television, and praying are some commonly used stress-coping strategies among married postgraduate students. The study concluded that married postgraduate students experience a substantial amount of stress, which affects their academic and married lives. The study recommends that academic institutions and policymakers develop targeted interventions and support services to address these stressors.
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References
- Abiola, D., & Olawale, A. (2021). Balancing School and Family Life: The Experiences of Nigerian Women. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(1), 56-68.
- Affum, Kusi, Mensah & Afful-Broni (2013). “Serving ‘Two Masters’ in the Ghanaian Edtional Context” : The Experience of Working Postgraduate Students, at The Department of Psychology and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.
- Barnes, C. M., Miller, J. A., & Bostock, S. (2014). Helping employees sleep well: effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 834.
- Beckmann, J., Schubert, M., Burkhardt, M., Fink, M., & Hillecke, T. (2019). Balneotherapy as an intervention for stress reduction: a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(1), 43–7.
- Chanda, M. L., & Levitin, D. J. (2013). The neurochemistry of music. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(4), 179-193.
- Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 310.
- Dunn, B. D., Huppert, F. A., & Herbert, J. (2019). Cognitive and emotional responses to academic examination stress: The role of trait emotional intelligence and reappraisal. Stress and Health, 35(4), 463-474.
- Ejiogu, A., Onyishi, I. E., Eze, J. N., & Nwankwo, C. N. (2019). Sources of academic stress and coping strategies among undergraduates at Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(8), 66-72.
- Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., & Ranasinghe, P. D. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 357-368.
- Hammen, C. (2015). Stress and depression. Annual review of clinical psychology, 1, 293-319.
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2015). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316.
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., Sbarra, D. A. (2017). Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States. American Psychologist, 72(6), 517-530.
- Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN psychiatry, 2(12), 6-17.
- Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford University Press.
- Kremer, J. F. (2018). The impact of workload on college students' mental health. Journal of College Counseling, 21(1), 70-84.
- Liu, H., Umberson, D. J., & Theofilou, A. (2016). Marital status, marital transitions, and mental health: a gendered life course perspective. Journal of health and social behavior, 57(2), 165-181.
- McKeachie, W. J., & Svinicki, M. (2014). McKeachie's teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers. Cengage Learning, 99(4), 834.
- Mortimer, J. T., & Lorence, J. (2018). Work and family roles and psychological well-being among married men and women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(1), 208-223.
- Nutt, D. J., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 10(3), 329-336.
- Olaogun, A. A., Oladipo, S. E., & Afolabi, A. S. (2019). Sources of Stress and Coping Mechanisms among Married Students: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Universities in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(19), 28-34.
- Omerzel, D. G., Gorman, A. A., & Ezzelle, J. M. (2016). Parenting stress in mothers of multiple children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(2), 588-596.
- Putwain, D., Woods, K. A., & Symes, W. (2010). Personal and situational predictors of test anxiety of students in post-compulsory education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(1), 137-160.
- Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M., & McGinn, M. M. (2014). Marital quality and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 140-187.
- Salmon, P. (2011). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 33–61.
- Sari, M. (2012). The effects of academic stress on students’ cognitive performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 29(1), 86-92.
- Sarwar, M. (2017). Academic stress among undergraduate students: The case of education faculty at the University of Punjab. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 206.
- Tabassum, S., Rahman, S., & Chowdhury, M. R. (2018). Stressors and coping strategies of married students: A qualitative study. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 28(2), 17-29.
- Thoma, M. V., La Marca, R., Brönnimann, R., Finkel, L., Ehlert, U., & Nater, U. M. (2012). The effect of music on the human stress response. PloS one, 7(10), e46182.
- Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, Q., & Zhang, L. (2020). Age differences in stress, social support, and mental health in Chinese adults. Journal of Mental Health, 29(2), 204-210.
References
Abiola, D., & Olawale, A. (2021). Balancing School and Family Life: The Experiences of Nigerian Women. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(1), 56-68.
Affum, Kusi, Mensah & Afful-Broni (2013). “Serving ‘Two Masters’ in the Ghanaian Edtional Context” : The Experience of Working Postgraduate Students, at The Department of Psychology and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana.
Barnes, C. M., Miller, J. A., & Bostock, S. (2014). Helping employees sleep well: effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 834.
Beckmann, J., Schubert, M., Burkhardt, M., Fink, M., & Hillecke, T. (2019). Balneotherapy as an intervention for stress reduction: a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(1), 43–7.
Chanda, M. L., & Levitin, D. J. (2013). The neurochemistry of music. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(4), 179-193.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 310.
Dunn, B. D., Huppert, F. A., & Herbert, J. (2019). Cognitive and emotional responses to academic examination stress: The role of trait emotional intelligence and reappraisal. Stress and Health, 35(4), 463-474.
Ejiogu, A., Onyishi, I. E., Eze, J. N., & Nwankwo, C. N. (2019). Sources of academic stress and coping strategies among undergraduates at Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(8), 66-72.
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., & Ranasinghe, P. D. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 357-368.
Hammen, C. (2015). Stress and depression. Annual review of clinical psychology, 1, 293-319.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2015). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., Sbarra, D. A. (2017). Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States. American Psychologist, 72(6), 517-530.
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN psychiatry, 2(12), 6-17.
Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford University Press.
Kremer, J. F. (2018). The impact of workload on college students' mental health. Journal of College Counseling, 21(1), 70-84.
Liu, H., Umberson, D. J., & Theofilou, A. (2016). Marital status, marital transitions, and mental health: a gendered life course perspective. Journal of health and social behavior, 57(2), 165-181.
McKeachie, W. J., & Svinicki, M. (2014). McKeachie's teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers. Cengage Learning, 99(4), 834.
Mortimer, J. T., & Lorence, J. (2018). Work and family roles and psychological well-being among married men and women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(1), 208-223.
Nutt, D. J., Wilson, S., & Paterson, L. (2008). Sleep disorders as core symptoms of depression. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 10(3), 329-336.
Olaogun, A. A., Oladipo, S. E., & Afolabi, A. S. (2019). Sources of Stress and Coping Mechanisms among Married Students: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Universities in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 10(19), 28-34.
Omerzel, D. G., Gorman, A. A., & Ezzelle, J. M. (2016). Parenting stress in mothers of multiple children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(2), 588-596.
Putwain, D., Woods, K. A., & Symes, W. (2010). Personal and situational predictors of test anxiety of students in post-compulsory education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(1), 137-160.
Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M., & McGinn, M. M. (2014). Marital quality and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 140-187.
Salmon, P. (2011). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 33–61.
Sari, M. (2012). The effects of academic stress on students’ cognitive performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 29(1), 86-92.
Sarwar, M. (2017). Academic stress among undergraduate students: The case of education faculty at the University of Punjab. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 206.
Tabassum, S., Rahman, S., & Chowdhury, M. R. (2018). Stressors and coping strategies of married students: A qualitative study. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 28(2), 17-29.
Thoma, M. V., La Marca, R., Brönnimann, R., Finkel, L., Ehlert, U., & Nater, U. M. (2012). The effect of music on the human stress response. PloS one, 7(10), e46182.
Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, Q., & Zhang, L. (2020). Age differences in stress, social support, and mental health in Chinese adults. Journal of Mental Health, 29(2), 204-210.